December 22, 2018
Areolar glands or Glands of Montgomery are sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple. The glands make oily secretions (lipoid fluid) to keep the areola and the nipple lubricated and protected. Volatile compounds in these secretions may also serve as an olfactory stimulus for newborn appetite. The portions of the gland visible on the skin’s surface are called “Montgomery…
July 31, 2018
Nuclear stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a nuclear cardiology test that shows how well blood flows to the muscle of the heart (myocardium). This test is used to diagnose the presence or absence of coronary artery disease.
July 7, 2018
An occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It is an aspect of occupational safety and health.
July 1, 2018
Explain the clinical manifestations of acute appendicitis Abdominal pain: the first symptom, initially localized to the periumbilical region, persistent aggravation, gradually shifts and fixed in the right lower abdomen Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, increased frequency of bowel movements Systemic reactions: fever, lack or loss of appetite, oliguria, thirst, toxic symptoms. Signs: Rebound tenderness, pain on percussion, rigidity, and guarding, McBurney…
June 29, 2018
Classification of hyperthyroidism, indications, Surgical operation indications and contraindications. Classification Primary hyperthyroidism Secondary hyperthyroidism Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma Indications: Nodular hyperthyroidism, although drugs or iodine can eliminate or alleviate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, but the nodules still exist, and may be secondary to hyperthyroidism or cancer. Diffuse hyperthyroidism, after systemic drug treatment, no significant improvement, or relapse after stopping the drug.…
June 21, 2018
(1) Ascending infection: Pathogens travel up the bladder via the urethra, and even ureters or renal pelvis, infections are called ascending infections, accounting for about 95% of urinary tract infections. Under normal circumstances, a small amount of bacteria such as streptococci, lactic acid bacteria, staphylococcus, and diphtheria-like bacilli are located around the anterior urethra and urethral orifice, and do not…
June 21, 2018
Diagnosis and Classification of Proteinuria Daily urinary protein exceeds 150 mg or urinary protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) > 200 mg/g is called proteinuria. 24-hour urinary albumin excretion is called microalbuminuria in 30-300 mg. Pathological proteinuria is more persistent and more: 1) Overflow proteinuria: The concentration of a certain…
June 21, 2018
RPGN I: anti-GBM disease Goodpasture syndrome RPGN II: RPGN superimposed on any immune complex disease (Immune complex glomerulonephritis) Henoch-Schönlein purpura Cryoglobulinemia RPGN III: RPGN without significant immune deposits; usually with systemic vasculitis syndromes (ANCA granulonephritis) Wegener granulomatosis